1. Why the skills to manage project is important and how it helps you to achieve your career goal.
Project managers will help your organization :
- adhere to project budgets, schedules, and scope guidelines
- have a more predictable project planning and execution process
- resolve project roadblocks and escalate issues quicker and easier
- identify and terminate projects that do not have relevant business value
- become more efficient
- improve collaboration across and within teams
- identify and plan for risks
2. Write detail note on project management functions.
- Planning: This is the first and most critical function in project management. It involves defining the project objectives, identifying the scope of work, creating a work breakdown structure, identifying the resources needed, estimating the time and cost of the project, and developing a schedule.
- Organizing: This function involves creating a project team and assigning roles and responsibilities. The project manager must ensure that the team members have the necessary skills and resources to complete their tasks. Additionally, the project manager must establish communication channels and create a project plan that includes timelines and milestones.
- Execution : The project manager must lead the project team by providing guidance, motivation, and support. They must ensure that team members are working collaboratively and that conflicts are resolved promptly. Additionally, the project manager must communicate regularly with stakeholders and ensure that their needs and expectations are being met.
- Performance and Monitoring : This function involves monitoring the project’s progress against the plan and making adjustments as necessary. The project manager must measure the project’s performance, identify variances, and take corrective actions to ensure that the project stays on track. Additionally, the project manager must manage risks, issues, and changes that arise during the project.
- Closure : This function involves completing the project and delivering the final product or service to the client. The project manager must ensure that all project deliverables are complete, and all stakeholders are satisfied with the outcome. Additionally, the project manager must conduct a post-project review to identify lessons learned and opportunities for improvement.
3. What is work breakdown structure and explain its importance.
Work breakdown structure (WBS) in project management is a method for completing a complex, multi-step project. It’s a way to divide and deliver large projects to get things done faster and more efficiently. The goal of a WBS is to make a large project more manageable. Breaking it down into smaller chunks means work can be done simultaneously by different team members, leading to better team roductivity and easier project management.
4. What do you understand by project planning and how WBS helps project manager to complete projects successfully.
Project planning is the process of organizing and managing a project from start to finish. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a tool used by project managers to break down a project’s scope into smaller, more manageable tasks or deliverables. This helps ensure that all project tasks are accounted for and enables effective planning, resource management, risk identification, and progress tracking. The WBS facilitates communication and collaboration among project stakeholders, contributing to successful project completion.
5. Write Characteristics of a work breakdown structure and explain typical classification of project work breakdown levels.
Characteristics of a work breakdown structure
- The Project Management Institute (PMI) defines WBS as “a deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and
create the required deliverables.” - Each WBS level represents a new and increasingly detailed definition of work needed to complete the project.
- PMI’s definition adds that a WBS structure must be constructed in a way that each new level in the hierarchy includes all the work needed to complete its parent task. This means that every parent task element must have more than one child task within it to consider the parent task element complete.
6. Draw the WBS for holiday trip along with your friends. (Assume necessary data as per your requirement)
7. Explain the terms stakeholders and key stakeholders in project.
Stakeholders: In project management, stakeholders are individuals, groups, or organizations with an interest in or impacted by the project. They can include project team members, sponsors, customers, end-users, suppliers, regulators, and competitors.
Key stakeholders: Key stakeholders are a subset of stakeholders who have significant influence or are directly affected by the project. They include project sponsors, team members, customers/clients, end-users, subject matter experts, and senior management.
Identifying and engaging with key stakeholders is crucial for project success. Key stakeholders have greater authority, impact, or interest in the project, and understanding their needs and involving them in decision-making is vital for managing expectations and ensuring project outcomes align with their requirements.
8. Write detail short notes on types of projects.
Types of Project
● Normal Project
● Fast tracking Project
● Crash Project
● Disaster Project
Normal Project (10%)
● Time
● Cost
● Quality
● Safety
No compromise
Fast Tracking Project (70%)
● Time (optimized with cost)
● Cost (May be compromised)
● Quality (No compromise)
● Safety (No compromise)
i.e. by putting more resources, time is reduced with no compromise in quality and safety
Crash Project (<15 %)
● Time (optimized with cost and quality)
● Cost (May be compromised)
● Quality (May be compromised)
● Safety (No compromise)
Disaster Project
● Time (optimized with cost, quality and SAFETY also!!!)
● Cost (May be compromised)
● Quality (May be compromised)
● Safety (May be compromised)
● Initiated only by Govt. of India OR National Govt. Body only under Disaster Management Act which comes directly under Prime Minister of India
● State Govt. Body can initiate only after taking permission from National Govt. Body.
9. What do you understand by term organizational structure and write its essential elements.
Organizational structure (OS) is the systematic arrangement of human resources in an organization so as to achieve common business objectives. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of every member of
the organization so that work and information flow seamlessly, ensuring the smooth functioning of an organization.
essential elements.
- Work design: It defines the nature and job description of a particular
position - Administrative division: It involves the grouping of jobs into departments
to facilitate the coordination of work. - Deputation: It means the power conferred to each employee and
department in the organization. - Management ratio: It refers to the number of employees that are
reporting to a supervisor. - Hierarchy: It creates various levels of authority arranged in the order of
delegated powers in the organization. - Centralization or decentralization: It presents the mode of operation
followed in an organization.
10.Explain types of the decentralize organizational structure.
A decentralized organizational structure is one that tasks department heads and project managers with key decision-making responsibilities, thus freeing top management and business owners to focus on strategic planning and big picture decisions.
Types of the decentralize organizational structure
● Hierarchical
● Flat
● Flatarchy
● Functional
● Divisional
● Matrix
11. Explain system development life cycle and its phases
● The system development life cycle is a project management model that defines the stages involved in bringing a project from inception to completion. Software development teams, for example, deploy a variety of systems development life cycle models that include waterfall, spiral and agile processes.
● Systems development life cycle phases include planning, system analysis, system design, evelopment, implementation, integration and testing, and operations and maintenance.
Advantages of SDLC
● Having a clear view of an entire project, workers involved, estimated
costs and timelines.
● Gives project managers a projected base cost of the project.
● Goals and standards are clearly defined.
● Developers can move back a step if something does not go as
expected.
Disadvantages of SDLC
● Due to assumptions made at the beginning of a project, if an unexpected circumstance complicates the development of a system, then it may stockpile into more complications down the road. As an example, if newly installed hardware does not work correctly, then it may increase the time a system is in development, increasing the cost.
● Some methods are not flexible.
● It can be complicated to estimate the overall cost at the beginning of a project.
● Testing at the end of development may slow down some development teams.
Main Phases of SDLC in detail
