Q1. What is a Computer?
Ans: A computer is an electronic device that can receive, store, retrieve, and process data to produce output in a useful format. It is a programmable machine that can perform various tasks and operations based on instructions given to it by a user or a program. Computers come in various sizes and forms, ranging from desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, to supercomputers, and they can be used for a wide range of applications such as communication, entertainment, education, research, business, and more. The basic components of a computer include a central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage, input/output devices, and software.
Q2. Differentiate between Hardware & Software.
Ans: A. Hardware
- Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer.
- The term hardware also refers to mechanical device that makes up computer.
- User can see and touch the hardware components.
- Examples of hardware are CPU, keyboard, mouse, hard disk, etc…
B. Software
- A set of instruction in a logical order to perform a meaningful task is Called program and a set of program is called software.
- It tell the hardware how to perform a task.
- Types of software :-
- System software
▪ It is designed to operate the computer hardware efficiently.
▪ Provides and maintains a platform for running application software.
▪ Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix etc.
- Application software
▪ It is designed to help the user to perform general task such as word processing, web browser etc.
▪ Examples: Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint etc.
Q3. Explain Characteristics of higher level language
Ans: The characteristics of higher-level languages include:
Abstraction: Higher-level languages provide more abstraction from low-level details of a computer system, allowing programmers to focus more on the logic of their programs rather than on hardware-specific details.
Productivity: Higher-level languages often allow programmers to write code more quickly and with fewer errors. This is because they provide more built-in functionality and libraries, reducing the need for manual coding.
Safety: Higher-level languages often provide more safety features, such as type checking and bounds checking, which help to prevent common programming errors that can cause crashes or other problems.
Maintainability: Programs written in higher-level languages are usually easier to maintain over time, as they are often more modular and easier to read and understand. This makes it easier for developers to make changes or fix bugs in the code.
Q4.Draw the block diagram of the computer and explain functions of each part in brief Block Diagram of Computer
Ans: It is a pictorial representation of a computer which shows how it works inside. It shows how computer works from feeding/inputting the data to getting the result.
Block diagram of computer (Input Section)
- The devices used to enter data in to computer system are called input devices.
- It converts human understandable input to computer controllable data.
- CPU accepts information from user through input devices.
- Examples: Mouse, Keyboard, Touch screen, Joystick etc…
Block diagram of computer (Output Section)
- The devices used to send the information to the outside world from the computer is Called output devices.
- It converts data stored in 1s and 0s in computer to human understandable Information.
- Examples: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speakers etc…
Block diagram of computer (Central Processing Unit (CPU))
- It contains electronics circuit that processes the data based on instructions.
- It also controls the flow of data in the system.
- It is also known as brain of the computer.
CPU consists of, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
▪ It performs all arithmetic calculations such as add, subtract, multiply, compare, etc. and takes logical Decision.
▪ It takes data from memory unit and returns data to memory unit, generally primary memory (RAM).
Control Unit (CU)
▪ It controls all other units in the computer system. It manages all operations such as reads instruction and
Data from memory.
Primary Memory
▪ It is also known as main memory.
▪ The processor or the CPU directly stores and retrieves information from it.
▪ Generally currently executing programs and data are stored in primary memory.
Q5. Explain the advantages and limitations of computers in detail.
Ans: Advantages of Computers:
Speed and Efficiency: Computers can process information quickly and accurately, saving time and reducing errors. They can perform complex calculations and tasks in a matter of seconds or minutes that would take humans hours or even days.
Storage: Computers can store vast amounts of data and information in a small space, making it easy to access and retrieve it at any time. This helps to reduce paper waste and clutter in homes, offices, and businesses.
Communication: Computers make it easy to communicate with others around the world through email, social media, video conferencing, and other digital platforms. This has revolutionized how people interact and share information, making communication faster and more accessible.
Limitations of Computers:
Dependence: People have become increasingly dependent on computers and technology, leading to concerns about what happens if they fail or break down. This can cause significant disruptions in personal and professional lives, affecting productivity and causing stress.
Health Risks: Prolonged use of computers can cause eye strain, neck and back pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Users should take breaks and practice proper ergonomics to minimize these risks.
Security Risks: Computers can be vulnerable to hacking, viruses, and other forms of cyber-attacks. Users must take precautions such as using anti-virus software, firewalls, and strong passwords to protect their data and information.
Cost: Computers and their accessories can be expensive, making them inaccessible to some people. Additionally, the constant need to upgrade software and hardware can add to the cost.
Q6. Explain “C is a middle level language”.
C is a middle-level language that combines features of high-level and low-level languages.
It provides programmers with high-level constructs such as functions, arrays, and structures, as well as low-level features like memory manipulation and bit-level operations.
C is a compiled language, which makes it faster and more efficient than interpreted languages.It is versatile and can be used for a wide range of programming tasks, from system programming to application development.Overall, C’s balance of high-level and low-level features has made it a popular choice for many programmers.